Izinsiza Ze-Aluminium
Abantu abaningi bavame ukucabanga ukuthi insimbi iyinsimbi eningi kakhulu oqweqweni lomhlaba.Eqinisweni, i-aluminium iyinsimbi eningi kakhulu oqweqweni lomhlaba, ilandelwa insimbi.I-Aluminium yenza u-7.45% wesisindo esiphelele soqweqwe lomhlaba, cishe kabili. njengensimbi!Umhlaba ugcwele izinhlanganisela ze-aluminium, njengenhlabathi evamile, equkethe i-aluminium oxide eningi, i-Al2O3.Insimbi ebaluleke kakhulu i-bauxite.Ukwenzeka kwe-bauxite emhlabeni kungahlukaniswa cishe izigaba ezintathu: I-Cenozoic i-lateite deposit emadwaleni e-silicic, athatha cishe u-80% wesamba semali egciniwe emhlabeni; ilinganiselwa ku-2% wesamba semali egciniwe emhlabeni.
Aluminium izakhiwo
I-Aluminium iyilungu elisiliva nelithambile leqembu le-boron element yamakhemikhali.
I-Aluminium isiphenduke insimbi engeyona eyensimbi esetshenziswa kakhulu kunazo zonke ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala ngenxa yokuqina, ukuminyana okuphansi, ukungezwani okuphansi kanye nokuthambekela kwayo ukwakha ama-alloys anezici zamakhemikhali ezahlukahlukene njengethusi, i-zinc, i-manganese, i-silicon ne-magnesium. izakhiwo zemishini ezithuthukisiwe.I-Aluminium iyinsimbi encane engekho emvelweni njenge-elemental state, kodwa isesimweni se-aluminium oxide ehlanganisiwe (Al2O3).I-Al2O3 inezinga eliphezulu lokuncibilika futhi akulula ukuncishiswa, okwenza i-aluminium itholakale sekwephuzile.Ngo-1825, Usosayensi waseDenmark u-Ostete wehlisa i-anhydrous aluminium chloride nge-potassium amalgam, amamiligremu ambalwa e-aluminium yensimbi.
Ngo-1954, usosayensi ongumFulentshi uDe Vere waphumelela ukusebenzisa indlela yokunciphisa i-sodium ukuze athole i-aluminium yensimbi, kodwa i-aluminium yensimbi ekhiqizwa indlela yamakhemikhali ibiza kakhulu kunegolide, futhi isetshenziselwa kuphela ukukhiqizwa kwezigqoko, izitsha zetafula, amathoyizi nezinye izinto ezibalulekile ezazisetshenziswa uNapoleon's. umndeni wasebukhosini.Ngokusungulwa kwenqubo yokuncibilikisa i-Hall-Heru kanye nenqubo ye-Bayer yokukhiqiza i-alumina, i-aluminium yaqala ukusetshenziswa kabanzi ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Kuze kube namuhla, lezi zindlela ezimbili ziseyizo eziyinhloko (empeleni cishe iyodwa kuphela) izindlela zokukhiqiza i-aluminium ne-alumina.
Inqubo Yokukhiqiza Aluminium
I-Aluminium okuqukethwe inothe kakhulu ngento yemvelo, imboni eyinhloko ye-bauxite ore, i-bauxite nge-bayer inqubo efana nezinqubo zokucwenga i-alumina, i-alumina nge-electrolytic aluminium smelting njengoba (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-aluminium), ngakho-ke imboni ye-aluminium echungechungeni lwemboni ekhuphuka nomfula. ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-bauxite yezimayini, ukucwengwa kwe-alumina - izixhumanisi ezintathu ezifana nokuncibilikisa i-aluminium, ngokuvamile, amathani amane e-bauxite angakhiqiza amathani amabili e-alumina, nawo angakhiqiza ithani elilodwa le-aluminium eyinhloko.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-15-2021