Amandla asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni i-aluminiyamu ye-electrolytic yomhlaba wonke ancike ekunikezweni kwensiza yesifunda ngasinye.Phakathi kwazo, amalahle namandla aphehlwa ngamanzi alinganiselwa ku-85% wamandla asetshenzisiwe.Emkhiqizweni we-aluminum ye-electrolytic emhlabeni wonke, izitshalo ze-aluminum ye-electrolytic e-Asia, e-Oceania nase-Afrika zithembele kakhulu ekuphehlisweni kwamandla ashisayo, futhi izitshalo ze-aluminium electrolytic eYurophu naseNingizimu Melika zithembele kakhulu kumandla ophehlwa ngamanzi.Ezinye izifunda zincike ezicini zazo zensiza, futhi amandla asetshenziswa izitshalo ze-aluminium electrolytic nazo ziyahlukahluka.Ngokwesibonelo, i-Iceland isebenzisa amandla e- geothermal, iFrance isebenzisa amandla enuzi kanti iMpumalanga Ephakathi isebenzisa igesi yemvelo ukuze ikhiqize ugesi.
Ngokuqonda kombhali, ngo-2019, ukukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke kwe-electrolytic aluminium kwaba amathani ayizigidi ezingama-64.33, kanti ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni bekungamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.052.Kusukela ngo-2005 kuya ku-2019, isamba sokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ye-electrolytic aluminium emhlabeni wonke sikhuphuke sisuka kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-555 saya kumathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.052, okukhuphuke ngo-89.55%, kanye nezinga lokukhula okuyinhlanganisela lama-4.36%.
1. Umthelela “wekhabhoni ephindwe kabili” embonini ye-aluminium
Ngokwezilinganiso, kusukela ngo-2019 kuya ku-2020, ukusetshenziswa kukagesi wasekhaya kwe-electrolytic aluminium kuzoba ngaphezu kuka-6% wokusetshenziswa kukagesi kuzwelonke.Ngokusho kwedatha ye-Baichuan Information, ngo-2019, ama-86% okukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium ye-electrolytic yasekhaya asebenzisa amandla ashisayo njengei-aluminium extruded, Iphrofayili ye-aluminium ye-extrusion yokwakhanjalo njalo .Ngokusho kwedatha ye-Antaike, ngonyaka ka-2019, isamba esikhishwa yi-carbon dioxide embonini ye-electrolytic aluminium sasicishe sibe ngamathani ayizigidi ezingama-412, okulinganiselwa ku-4% wokukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide kazwelonke kumathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10 ngalowo nyaka.Ukukhishwa kwe-aluminiyamu ye-electrolytic kwakuphakeme kakhulu kunokwezinye izinsimbi nezinto ezingezona ezensimbi.
Isizinda samandla ashisayo esizihlinzekela sona siyisici esiyinhloko esiholela ekukhishweni kwekhabhoni ephezulu ye-electrolytic aluminium.Isixhumanisi samandla sokukhiqizwa kwe-aluminiyamu ye-electrolytic sihlukaniswe ngokukhiqizwa kwamandla ashisayo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla amanzi.Ukusebenzisa amandla ashisayo ukukhiqiza ithani elingu-1 le-aluminiyamu ye-electrolytic kuzokhipha cishe amathani angu-11.2 e-carbon dioxide, futhi ukusebenzisa amandla asetshenziswa ngamanzi ukukhiqiza ithani elingu-1 le-electrolytic aluminium kuzokhipha cishe i-zero carbon dioxide.
Imodi yokusetshenziswa kukagesi yokukhiqizwa kwe-aluminiyamu ye-electrolytic ezweni lami ihlukaniswe ngogesi ozihlinzekela wona kanye nogesi wegridi.Ekupheleni konyaka wezi-2019, ingxenye kagesi ozihlinzekela wona ezitshalweni ze-aluminiyamu ye-electrolytic yasekhaya yayicishe ibe ngama-65%, wonke lawo okuphehla amandla ashisayo;ingxenye yamandla egridi yayicishe ibe ngama-35%, lapho ukuphehlwa kukagesi oshisayo kubalele cishe ama-21% kanye nokuphehlwa kukagesi ahlanzekile kubalwe cishe ku-14%.
Ngokwezibalo zika-Antaike, ngaphansi kwesizinda “soHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lokulondolozwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola, isakhiwo samandla samandla okusebenza embonini ye-electrolytic aluminium sizokwenza izinguquko ezithile esikhathini esizayo, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuhlelwa kokukhiqizwa kwe-aluminiyamu ye-electrolytic. amandla esiFundazweni sase-Yunnan asetshenziswe ngokugcwele, ingxenye yamandla ahlanzekile asetshenzisiwe izokhula kakhulu, isuka ku-14% ngo-2019 iye ku-24%.Ngokuthuthuka okuphelele kwesakhiwo samandla asekhaya, ukwakheka kwamandla embonini ye-electrolytic aluminium izothuthukiswa ngokwengeziwe.
2. I-aluminium yamandla ashisayo izoba buthaka kancane kancane
Ngaphansi kokuzibophezela kwezwe lami ekungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, amandla ashisayo "azoba buthakathaka" kuzoba umkhuba.Ngemuva kokuqaliswa kwezindleko zokukhishwa kwekhabhoni kanye nokulawulwa okuqinile, izinzuzo zezitshalo zamandla ezizimele zingase zibe buthaka.
Ukuze uqhathanise kangcono umehluko wezindleko obangelwa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, kucatshangwa ukuthi izintengo zezinye izithako zokukhiqiza ezifana ne-anode ebhakwe ngaphambilini ne-aluminium fluoride ziyafana, futhi intengo yokuhweba ekhishwa yikhabhoni ingu-50 yuan/ton.Amandla ashisayo namandla asetshenziswa ngamanzi asetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ithani elingu-1 le-aluminiyamu ye-electrolytic.Umehluko wokukhishwa kwekhabhoni kusixhumanisi ungamathani ayi-11.2, kanti umehluko wezindleko zokukhishwa kwekhabhoni phakathi kwakho kokubili ngu-560 yuan/ton.
Muva nje, ngokukhuphuka kwamanani amalahle asekhaya, izindleko zikagesi ezimaphakathi ezizihlinzekela ngokwazo zingu-0.305 yuan/kWh, kanti isilinganiso sezindleko zamandla kagesi wasekhaya singu-0.29 yuan/kWh kuphela.Isamba sezindleko ze-aluminium ngethani lezitshalo zamandla ezizihlinzekela ngokwazo zingaphezu kwama-yuan angama-763 kunezamandla aphehlwa ngamanzi.Ngaphansi kwethonya lezindleko eziphezulu, iningi lamaphrojekthi amasha e-electrolytic aluminium yezwe lami atholakala ezindaweni ezicebile ngamanzi esifundeni esiseningizimu-ntshonalanga, futhi i-aluminium yamandla ashisayo izobona kancane kancane ukudluliswa kwezimboni esikhathini esizayo.
3. Izinzuzo ze-aluminium ye-hydropower zisobala kakhulu
I-Hydropower iyinani eliphansi lamandla angewona awezinto ezimbiwa phansi ezweni lami, kodwa amandla awo okuthuthuka anomkhawulo.Ngo-2020, umthamo wokufakwa kukagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi wezwe lami uzofinyelela kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-370, okubalelwa ku-16.8% yenani eliphelele elifakiwe lezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokuphehla ugesi, futhi ingeyesibili ngobukhulu besisetshenziswa esivamile samandla ngemva kwamalahle.Nokho, kukhona “uphahla” ekuthuthukisweni kwamandla aphehlwa ngamanzi.Ngokwemiphumela yokubuyekezwa kwemithombo yezwe yokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi, amandla ezwe lami okuthuthukisa amandla kagesi angaphansi kwama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-700, futhi indawo yokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo ilinganiselwe.Nakuba ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla aphehlwa ngamanzi kungakhuphula ingxenye yamandla angewona awezinto ezimbiwa phansi ngokwezinga elithile, ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwamandla aphehlwa ngamanzi kunqunyelwe izinsiza ezinikezwayo.
Njengamanje, isimo samanje sokuphehlwa ngamanzi ezweni lami ukuthi amaphrojekthi amancane aphehlwa ngamanzi avaliwe, futhi amaphrojekthi amakhulu aphehlwa ngamanzi kunzima ukwengeza.Umthamo okhona wokukhiqiza amandla kagesi we-aluminium electrolytic uzoba inzuzo yezindleko zemvelo.EsiFundazweni saseSichuan sisodwa, kuneziteshi ezincane zikagesi ezingama-968 okufanele zihoxiswe futhi zivalwe, iziteshi zokuphehla ugesi ezincane eziyi-4,705 zidinga ukulungiswa futhi zihoxiswe, iziteshi zokuphehla ugesi ezincane ezingama-41 eDolobheni laseQuanzhou, eSifundazweni saseFujian, kanye neziteshi zokuphehla ugesi ezincane eziyi-19. eFangxian County, Shiyan City, Isifundazwe saseHubei.Iziteshi zamandla kagesi kanye ne-Xi'an, i-Shaanxi ivale iziteshi zamandla kagesi ezincane ze-36, njll. Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelele, iziteshi zikagesi ezincane ezingaphezu kuka-7,000 zizovalwa ekupheleni kuka-2022. Ukwakhiwa kweziteshi ezinkulu zamanzi kudinga ukuhlaliswa kabusha, ukwakhiwa isikhathi ngokuvamile side, futhi kunzima ukwakha ngesikhathi esifushane.
4. I-aluminium egaywe kabusha izoba inkomba yentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium ye-Electrolytic kuhlanganisa izigaba ezi-5: izimayini ze-bauxite, ukukhiqizwa kwe-alumina, ukulungiswa kwe-anode, ukukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium ye-electrolytic kanye ne-aluminium ingot casting.Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwesigaba ngasinye: 1%, 21%, 2%, 74%.kanye no-2%.Ukukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium yesibili kuhlanganisa izigaba ezi-3: ukwelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukuncibilikisa kanye nokuthutha.Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwesiteji ngasinye kungama-56%, 24% kanye nama-20%.
Ngokwezilinganiso, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhiqiza ithani elingu-1 le-aluminium egaywe kabusha kungu-3% kuya ku-5% kuphela wokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwe-electrolytic aluminium.Kunganciphisa nokuphathwa kwemfucuza eqinile, uketshezi olungcolile kanye nensalela yemfucuza, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwe-aluminiyamu egaywe kabusha kunezinzuzo ezisobala zokonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala okuqinile kwe-aluminium, ngaphandle kwezinye iziqukathi zamakhemikhali namadivayisi enziwe nge-aluminium, i-aluminium ayigqwali neze ngesikhathi isetshenziswa, ngokulahleka okuncane kakhulu, futhi ingagaywa kabusha izikhathi eziningi.Ngakho-ke, i-aluminium ikwazi ukuphinda isetshenziswe kabusha kakhulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium eyizicucu ukuze kukhiqizwe ama-alloys e-aluminium kunezinzuzo eziphawulekayo zezomnotho ngaphezu kwe-electrolytic aluminium.
Ngokuzayo, ngokuthuthuka kokuhlanzeka kanye nezakhiwo zemishini ye-aluminium alloy ingots esenziwe kabusha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokusakaza, ukusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium egaywe kabusha kuzongena kancane kancane ezimbonini zokwakha, ezokuxhumana, ze-electronics kanye nokupakisha, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium evuselelwe kabusha. imboni yezimoto nayo izoqhubeka nokukhula..
Imboni yesibili ye-aluminium inezici zokulondoloza izinsiza, ukunciphisa ukuncika kwangaphandle kwezinsiza ze-aluminium, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nezinzuzo zezomnotho.Ukuthuthukiswa okunempilo kwemboni ye-aluminium yesibili, enenani elikhulu lezomnotho, ezenhlalakahle kanye nemvelo, kuye kwakhuthazwa futhi kwasekelwa ngokuqinile yizinqubomgomo zikazwelonke, futhi kuzoba umnqobi omkhulu kunabo bonke esimweni sokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni.
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-electrolytic aluminium, ukukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium yesibili kusindisa kakhulu umhlaba, izinsiza zamandla kagesi, kukhuthazwa izinqubomgomo zikazwelonke, futhi kunikeza namathuba entuthuko.Inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-electrolytic aluminium inokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwamandla.Uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhiqizwa kwenani elifanayo le-aluminum ye-electrolytic, ukukhiqizwa kwethani elingu-1 le-aluminium egaywe kabusha kulingana nokonga amathani angu-3.4 wamalahle ajwayelekile, ama-cubic metres angu-14 amanzi, kanye namathani angu-20 emfucumfucu eqinile.
Imboni yesibili ye-aluminium ingaphansi kwesigaba sezinsiza ezivuselelekayo kanye nomnotho oyindilinga, futhi ifakwe ohlwini njengemboni ekhuthazwayo, ewusizo kumaphrojekthi okukhiqiza amabhizinisi ukuze athole ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo kazwelonke mayelana nokugunyazwa kwephrojekthi, ukuxhaswa ngezimali kanye nokusetshenziswa komhlaba.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umbuso ukhiphe izinqubomgomo ezifanele zokuthuthukisa imvelo yemakethe, ukuhlanza amabhizinisi angafanelekile embonini yesibili ye-aluminium, nokususa amandla okukhiqiza ahlehla embonini, avule indlela yokuthuthukiswa okunempilo kwemboni yesibili ye-aluminium.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-21-2022